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| 1891 |
| | | Germany takes direct control of German East Africa as a protectorate | |
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| 1891 |
| | | Britain cedes the tiny island of Heligoland to Germany in return for vast areas of Africa | |
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| 1891 |
| | | German aviation pioneer Otto Lilienthal achieves the first of many guided flights in a glider, from a hill near Potsdam | |
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| 1893 |
| | | Hansel and Gretl, an opera by German composer Engelbert Humperdinck, has its premiere in Weimar | |
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| 1894 |
| | | France and Russia, alarmed by Germany's ambitions, sign a defensive Franco-Russian alliance | |
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| c. 1895 |
| | | General Alfred von Schlieffen devises plans for a potential two-pronged attack against France and Russia in a swift war | |
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| 1895 |
| | | German physicist Wilhelm Roentgen discovers rays that can penetrate light-proof barriers, and names them x-rays because their nature is as yet unknown | |
|  | Roentgen's X-ray of his wife's hand
Wellcome Library, London
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| 1896 |
| | | Otto Lilienthal dies when a wing fractures on his glider and he crashes from a height of 17 metres | |
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| 1897 |
| | | Germany claims Ruanda and Urundi as a joint colony adjacent to German East Africa | |
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| 1898 |
| | | Germany passes the first of four Fleet Acts, reflecting the determination of Alfred von Tirpitz to build a navy equal to that of Britain | |
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